Instructions for Constructing a Pond

Lawn & Garden

Different Types of Ponds

Koi pond
©­iStockphoto.com/BestShot

Just like shrubs, there are various types of ponds. Some ponds can block unpleasant views, while others can attract butterflies. Ponds can be noisy, calm, or filled with wildlife. You can add flashing koi or aromatic aquatic flowers. Decide what you enjoy the most – fish, flowers, or both?

Here are some general guidelines for constructing koi ponds and water gardens:

Koi ponds require a large surface area and a depth of 3 to 4 feet (0.9 to 1.2 meters) in mild climates [source: Lowe’s, Barber]. In colder climates, if you want to overwinter your fish in the pond, you’ll need to include a section of the pond that’s deep enough to provide 12 to 16 inches (30.5 to 40.6 centimeters) of water beneath the ice layer [source: The Water Garden].

Koi ponds require a pump and filter system to eliminate fish waste and maintain the water’s clarity and health. They usually do not have plants since the koi eat and damage them, causing pond pollution. Koi ponds need shade to keep the fish cool and prevent algae growth. Adding a current to the water by circulating it through a stream or waterfall is necessary to oxygenate (add oxygen to) the water in the absence of plants.

Water gardens contain aquatic plants and flowers and may have a few goldfish. The plants require several hours of sunlight daily to thrive and produce blooms. Water gardens can be small, and they only require 18 to 24 inches (45.7 to 61 centimeters) of depth [source: Lowe’s, Barber]. If you achieve a perfect balance between fish and plants, you may not require a pump or filter system. Water plants do not like to be disturbed, so any current or inflow from a waterfall or fountain should be gentle.

The next step is to consider your style. Is your home and landscaping formal or informal? Water features in a formal setting tend to be geometric: square, rectangular, oval, L-shaped, or circular. In an informal or natural setting, ponds can have a more irregular shape. Look for inspiration at local botanical gardens, garden tours, and pond specialty stores.

Other factors to consider are your budget and the amount of effort and time you want to put into constructing and maintaining your pond. Small ponds require more maintenance, while large ponds require more skill to build. Keep in mind that if you start with a small pond, you can always expand later by adding ponds and connecting waterways.

On the next page, we’ll discuss the tools and supplies you’ll need to construct your pond.

Permits and Regulations

Before beginning your pond construction, check your local building codes to determine what permits you’ll need, size or depth restrictions, how far the pond must be from the property line, and whether you’ll need to hire professionals for electrical or plumbing work.

FAQ

1. What are the benefits of having a pond?

Having a pond in your backyard can bring many benefits, both aesthetic and practical. Ponds can provide a calming and relaxing atmosphere, enhance the beauty of your landscape, and attract wildlife such as birds, frogs, and dragonflies. Additionally, ponds can help to control erosion, improve water quality, and serve as a source of irrigation for your plants.

2. What factors should I consider when choosing a spot for my pond?

When choosing a spot for your pond, it’s important to consider factors such as the amount of sunlight the area receives, the proximity to trees and other vegetation, the slope of the land, and the location of underground utilities. You’ll also want to ensure that the site is level and has good drainage.

3. What materials do I need to build a pond?

The materials you’ll need to build a pond will depend on the size and design of your pond. Some of the basic materials you’ll need include a pond liner, a pump and filter system, rocks, and aquatic plants. You may also need additional materials such as sand, gravel, and edging materials.

4. How deep should my pond be?

The depth of your pond will depend on the types of plants and fish you plan to have. As a general rule, a depth of at least 18 inches is recommended for a small pond. If you plan to have larger fish or aquatic plants that require deeper water, you may need to make your pond deeper.

5. Do I need to add chemicals to my pond?

The use of chemicals in your pond will depend on the specific needs of your pond. In general, a well-designed and properly maintained pond should not require the use of chemicals. However, if you experience issues with algae growth, poor water quality, or other problems, you may need to add chemicals to your pond. It’s recommended that you consult with a professional before adding any chemicals to your pond.

6. How do I maintain my pond?

Maintaining your pond will involve tasks such as removing debris, trimming plants, and checking the filter system. You’ll also need to monitor the water quality and make adjustments as needed. Regular maintenance is important to keep your pond healthy and thriving.

7. What types of plants should I put in my pond?

There are many types of aquatic plants that can be used in a pond, including water lilies, lotus, and water hyacinth. These plants can provide shade, oxygen, and food for fish, as well as add beauty to your pond. It’s important to choose plants that are appropriate for the size and depth of your pond, and to avoid planting invasive species.

8. Can I have fish in my pond?

Yes, many types of fish can be kept in a pond, including koi, goldfish, and minnows. It’s important to choose fish that are appropriate for the size and depth of your pond, and to provide adequate food, shelter, and water quality.

9. How do I prevent my pond from freezing in the winter?

To prevent your pond from freezing in the winter, you can use a pond heater or de-icer, which will keep a small area of the pond from freezing. You can also add aeration devices to keep the water moving and prevent ice from forming. It’s important to avoid using chemicals to melt ice, as this can harm fish and other aquatic life.

10. How do I attract wildlife to my pond?

To attract wildlife to your pond, you can plant native vegetation around the pond and provide shelter such as rocks and logs. You can also provide a source of food such as fish or insects, and avoid using chemicals that can harm wildlife.

11. Can I build a pond myself, or should I hire a professional?

Building a pond can be a complex and time-consuming process, and it’s recommended that you hire a professional if you’re not experienced in pond construction. A professional can help you design and build a pond that meets your specific needs and ensures that it’s properly installed and maintained.