Ranunculus: A Beautiful Flower with a Toxic Side and a Tricky Name

Lawn & Garden

Yellow ranunculus (Ranunculus asiaticus), also known as buttercups, have a misleading name as they are actually toxic to both cows and humans. The name may have originated from the belief that the plants give butter its yellow color. aimintang/Getty Images

Ranunculus is a flower that is loved by bees and commonly causes nervousness at spelling bees. It is also poisonous if ingested, has been used as a cure for leprosy and mange, and is a popular choice for bridal bouquets due to its stunning appearance.

Originating from Southwest Asia, ranunculus was introduced to Europe along with tulips and anemones during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I in the 16th century. The name “Ranunculus” comes from the Latin word for “little frog,” possibly because these buttercups grow near streams and other wet areas where frogs live.

“Buttercup” is thought to have come from the flower’s yellow color. With over 600 species in the genus, ranunculus ranges from prized cut flowers to troublesome lawn weeds. The weedy varieties that grow in pastures are particularly dangerous as they are poisonous to livestock and can cause harm to humans,” according to Amanda Bennett, VP of Horticulture and Collections at the Atlanta Botanical Garden.

Beware of the Toxicity

All species of ranunculus are poisonous to animals and people. When buttercup leaves are crushed, they release a compound called ranunculin that breaks down into a toxic oil called protoanemonin. Contact with protoanemonin can cause dermatitis, resulting in burning, itching, rashes, and blisters. If the leaves are ingested, they can cause blisters on the lips and face. The toxic oil is also a severe eye irritant. Ingesting buttercups can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, dizziness, and even paralysis.

Buttercups are most toxic in the spring when they are flowering. Dead and dried plants are generally safe. The most harmful species in North America include tall buttercup (Ranunculus acris), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), and cursed buttercup (Ranunculus sceleratus). Bulbous buttercup (Ranunculus bulbosus), which can be eaten when boiled or dried, has caustic roots when fresh and is considered a potential famine food.

Dried ranunculus was used by Native Americans in herbal poultices to treat muscle pain and remove warts. The Italian naturalist Pliny the Elder wrote about the beneficial uses of ranunculus in his book “The Natural History of Wild Plants” in 77 B.C.E.

An Israeli girl picking flowers in a field of ranunculus in the southern Israeli Kibbutz of Nir Yitzhak during the Jewish holiday of Passover on April 13, 2020.
MENAHEM KAHANA/Getty Images

Persian Buttercups

“Most people associate the name Ranunculus with the multi-colored Persian buttercups. They are undeniably beautiful and they know it,” says Bennett.

The genus Ranunculus is made up of a wide range of flowering plants that are either annual or herbaceous perennial. Ranunculus asiaticus, also known as buttercup or Persian buttercup, is one of the most popular varieties and is available in a variety of colors throughout the year. It is commonly used by contemporary florists and designers, and its hybrids, such as ‘Aviv,’ ‘Telecote,’ ‘Telecote Red,’ ‘Flamenco,’ ‘Bloomingdale,’ and ‘Victoria,’ are often purchased in the cut flower market.

Ranunculus asiaticus has large, painterly blooms and delicate petals that resemble crepe paper origami. It is a cool-weather plant that can last up to seven days in a vase, making it a great choice for centerpieces. The plant is tuberous-rooted and is winter hardy in USDA Plant Hardiness Zones 8 to 10, making it a perennial in these regions. In colder Zones 4 to 7, it is considered an annual and should be planted in the spring for late summer blooms. The plant prefers well-drained soil in an area that is not too hot and not too cold, and it does not like humidity.

Ranunculus is a popular flower in floriography and symbolizes attraction, charm, childishness, and cheerfulness. It is often used by floral artisans to decorate and give as gifts on special occasions such as weddings and anniversaries. It also makes a great container garden plant and can flower for up to five weeks.

Interestingly, a buttercup tattoo can symbolize innocence, humility, or charm, among other things.

FAQ

1. What is Ranunculus?

Ranunculus is a genus of flowering plants that belongs to the buttercup family, Ranunculaceae. The plants are native to Europe, Asia, and North America and are commonly grown as ornamental plants for their brightly colored flowers.

2. What makes Ranunculus toxic?

Ranunculus contains a toxic compound called protoanemonin, which can cause skin irritation, blisters, and even respiratory problems if ingested. The toxin is most concentrated in the sap of the plant, which can be released when the plant is cut or damaged.

3. Can Ranunculus be grown indoors?

Yes, Ranunculus can be grown indoors in pots or containers. The plants prefer well-draining soil and bright, indirect light. They also require regular watering and fertilization to thrive.

4. How long do Ranunculus flowers last?

Ranunculus flowers typically last for 7-10 days, although this can vary depending on the growing conditions and the variety of the plant. To prolong the life of the flowers, it is important to keep them in a cool, dry place and change the water in the vase every few days.

5. Are Ranunculus flowers edible?

No, Ranunculus flowers are not edible and should not be consumed. The plant contains toxic compounds that can cause harm if ingested.

6. What colors do Ranunculus flowers come in?

Ranunculus flowers come in a wide range of colors, including pink, red, orange, yellow, white, and purple. Some varieties also have bi-colored or multi-colored blooms.

7. How do you care for Ranunculus plants?

To care for Ranunculus plants, it is important to provide them with well-draining soil, bright, indirect light, and regular watering and fertilization. The plants should also be protected from strong winds and extreme temperatures. Deadheading the flowers can help promote new growth and prolong the blooming period.